Hiroshima Essay -- Essays Papers

HiroshimaThe stories and events that unfold in John Herseys, Hiroshima, have certainly been eye-openers for me. As a child in warmheartedness school and high school I, we have all heard of the atomic bomb and of course of Hiroshima, but never in as much situation or on such a personal level as these stories. Not even in chemistry or physics class, where I acquire some of the specifics as to how the bomb works, had I known of the destructive force of the bomb or its gruesome effects on humankind beings. As I mentioned before, this book was quite an eye-opener for me because it has taught me just how deadly nuclear weapons can be not only on material properties, but on human beings, and why nuclear weapons must never again be used is such a way.The effects that the bomb had on buildings and other...

Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance Essay -- Philosophy Religion

Told by the blurb that we have here one of the most unique and exciting books in the history of American letters, one bridles some(prenominal) at the grammar of the claim and at its routine excess. The grammar stays irreparable. But I have a hunch that the assertion itself is valid. Zen and the invention of Motorcycle alimentation An Inquiry Into Values, by Robert M. Pirsig (Morrow), is as willfully awkward as its title. It is densely put together. It lurches, with a deliberate shift of its grave ballast, between fiction and philosophical discourse, between a private memoir and the formulaic impersonality of an engineering or trade journal. As it stands, it is a very long book, but report has it, and rift lines indicate, that a much longer text lies behind it. One hears of an eight- hundred-thousand-word draft and feels perversely deprived of it by the mere sanity and worldliness of the publisher. Zen and the Art is awkward both to live with and to write about. It lodges in the m ind as few recent novels have, deepening its grip, compelling the landscape into unexpected planes of order and menace.   The communicatory thread is deceptively trite. Father and son are on a motorcycle holiday, traveling from Minneapolis toward the Dakotas, then across the mountains, turning south to Santa Rosa and the Bay. Asphalt, motels, hairpins in the knife-cold of the Rockies, fog and desert, the waters dividing, then the vineyards and the tawny flanks of the sea. Mr. Pirsig is not the first ever to burst Kerouac has been here before him, and Humbert Humbert, a clutch of novels, films, stories, television serials of loners on the move, imbrication the silent miles, toasted or drenched under the big skies, motelling from one neon oasis to the next, and glidin... ... exception. The cracker-barrel voice grinds on, sententious and flat. But the book is inspired, accepted enough to impel us across gray patches. And as the mountains gentle toward the sea with father and c hild locked in a ghostly grip-the narrative tact, the sodding(a) economy of effect, defy criticism.   A detailed technical treatise on the tools, on the routines, on the metaphysics of a specialized skill the legend of a great take to the woods after identity, after the salvation of mind and soul out of obsession, the hunter being hunted a fiction repeatedly interrupted by, and meshed with, a lengthy meditation on the ironic and tragic singularities of American man- the analogies with Moby Dick are patent. Robert Pirsig invites the prodigious comparison. It is at many points, including, even, the almost complete absence of women, suitable. What more than can one say?

Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay -- Ernest Hemingwa

Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White ElephantsErnest Hemingways short story Hills Like White Elephants is a story about a couple who ar having some trouble in their relationship. The main characters in the story be an American man and a girl. The whole story is mostly a conference between the couple. They are trying to have a fine time, but there is a stress between them and some kind of operation ask to be done. The operation can easily be done and if its going to happen it will be done on the girl. In the story its not being said what the operation is. The second time I read it I understand that they are talking about an abortion. The man wants the girl to do the abortion while the girl is not sure.The setting of the story is well described the couple is hold at a little train institutionalise between Barcelona and Madrid. The couple is sitting away(p) a bar at a table in the shade. (171) They are having a cold drink. It?s warm outside and the view is beautiful, in the dista nce they see white hills.The story doesn?t give very a lot information about the characters. The American man and the girl, whose wee-wee is Jig, are a couple, but they are not married. The man are probably a cunt older than the girl, he is mention as an American man while Jig is just mention as the girl, the story doesn?t say what her nationality is. however she can?t be Spanish because she doesn?t speak Spanish. They are traveling around because they have bags with ?label... Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay -- Ernest HemingwaErnest Hemingways Hills Like White ElephantsErnest Hemingways short story Hills Like White Elephants is a story about a couple who are having some trouble in their relationship. The main characters in the story are an American man and a girl. The whole story is mostly a dialogue between the couple. They are trying to have a fine time, but there is a tension between them and some kind of operation needs to be done. The oper ation can easily be done and if its going to happen it will be done on the girl. In the story its not being said what the operation is. The second time I read it I understand that they are talking about an abortion. The man wants the girl to do the abortion while the girl is not sure.The setting of the story is well described the couple is waiting at a little train station between Barcelona and Madrid. The couple is sitting outside a bar at a table in the shade. (171) They are having a cold drink. It?s warm outside and the view is beautiful, in the distance they see white hills.The story doesn?t give very much information about the characters. The American man and the girl, whose name is Jig, are a couple, but they are not married. The man are probably a bit older than the girl, he is mention as an American man while Jig is just mention as the girl, the story doesn?t say what her nationality is. But she can?t be Spanish because she doesn?t speak Spanish. They are traveling around be cause they have bags with ?label...

Solitude of the Garage :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

Solitude of the GarageI walked outside into the cool April morning. The air around me was a slightly stinging cold nevertheless, I took a big deep breath of the refreshing mountain air. I walked over to my dads red and white 1979 Ford F150 pickup and started it for him. I brought it around to the bet of the house, put the transmission in neutral, and set the parking brake. After hopping out of the cab, I met my dad coming out of the house, and went around the front of the truck. I hopped into the passenger seat while my dad got into the drivers seat. We fastened our seat belts and we headed off to Paonia.I was looking for a new dirt bike, and I was going to Paonia to look at a 1990 Honda CR 125. I had owned three dirt bikes before, but I had sold each one in order to buy some other one with more power, and here I was again ready to buy my fourth.When we arrived at Jared Mortons house, the owner of the bike, he already had the bike out. He was making sealed that the bike was in pe rfect shape for me to see. My dad parked the truck, and we both hopped out to greet Jared. We walked over to his garage, where the bike was located. I examined the bike and asked him questions about it, ilk how long he had had the bike and how often he had ridden it.The bike had a seat height of 34 inches. The body of the bike was a dull orangeness color, with the frame being white. It had inverted racing forks that had fenders on them to protect them from dust and debris. The stock handle bars were replaced with Renthal bars for more precise steering. The front wear upon was good, but the rear tire was a little worn down as if he had drove it on the pavement too much. The bikes exhaust had overly been replaced with a FMH racing pipe. Jared did all these modifications to the bike because he had competed in races, and he needed the bike to be in excellent mechanical shape.After I was done looking at the bike, Jared got on it, gave it a couple of kick-starts, and it started right up. He got off and let me test-drive the bike.

freeaw A Womans Fight for Independence in Kate Chopins The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

A Womans Fight for Independence in The Awakening   Right from the beginning the plot is almost hands down evident. You find a woman, Edna Pontellier, tired of living her life as a pampered and have wife and mother. She is searching for much more in her life, some mixed bag of meaning for her whole existence. She searches for a long time but in the end, the inevitability of her lifes pattern and direction wraps around her, suffocating her. She is overcome with wonder, confusion, and guilt for what she believes and what she does to show her beliefs. She fin aloney finds a way to beat the proper 1890s lifestyle by committing suicide. During this story Edna struggles with three main opposing powers. First, there is the societys opinion of what a womans roles in life was and how they should act, look, and feel. Second, is her independent nature. The last opposing power she comes across is her undying love for the charming Robert Lebrun.     It is the unwritten rule that a woman should marry, have children, and be happy and content with that as their life. Society portrays this to be a womans rightful job and duty. A woman should act and look proper at all times. This is what Edna is fighting against in this novel. She feels that, though many women agree with this known rule, it isnt fair. For six years Edna conforms to these ideas by being a proper wife and mother, holding Tuesday socials and press release to operas, following the same enduring schedule. It is only after her summer spent at Grand Isle that her mechanical lifestyle becomes apparent to her. She sees how much she is hard put with the expectations, held by society, of her life and she wishes to erase them and live her life as she wants.     Edna has an independent, almost self centered, nature about her. Her need for an uncontrolled lifestyle is what leaves her feeling owned and wanting to break that label she fights to do as she wishes. Little by little she breaks free of so cietys image, letting her independence shine through. She cancels her Tuesday socials and helps out around the business firm doing little chores. The biggest step she made was her decision to move away from her mansion and into the pigeon house, a little cottage around corner.

freeaw A Womans Fight for Independence in Kate Chopins The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

A Womans Fight for Independence in The Awakening   Right from the beginning the game is almost conveniently evident. You find a muliebrity, Edna Pontellier, tired of living her life as a pampered and owned married woman and mother. She is searching for much more in her life, some sort of meaning for her whole existence. She searches for a long time but in the end, the inevitability of her lifes pattern and direction wraps around her, suffocating her. She is show upmatch with wonder, confusion, and guilt for what she believes and what she does to express her beliefs. She finally finds a way to beat the graceful 1890s life-style by committing suicide. During this story Edna struggles with three main opposing powers. First, there is the societys persuasion of what a womans roles in life was and how they should act, look, and feel. Second, is her independent nature. The last opposing power she comes across is her undying love for the charming Robert Lebrun.     It is t he unwritten rule that a woman should marry, have children, and be happy and content with that as their life. Society portrays this to be a womans rightful job and duty. A woman should act and look proper at all times. This is what Edna is fighting against in this novel. She feels that, though many women agree with this known rule, it isnt fair. For six years Edna conforms to these ideas by being a proper wife and mother, holding Tuesday socials and going to operas, following the same enduring schedule. It is only after her summer spent at Grand Isle that her mechanical lifestyle becomes unmingled to her. She sees how much she is unhappy with the expectations, held by society, of her life and she wishes to erase them and live her life as she wants.     Edna has an independent, almost self centered, nature about her. Her need for an uncontrolled lifestyle is what leaves her feeling owned and wanting to break that label she fights to do as she wishes. Little by little she br eaks free of societys image, letting her independence shine through. She cancels her Tuesday socials and helps out around the house doing little chores. The biggest step she made was her decision to move away from her mansion and into the pigeon house, a little cottage around corner.

Drug Abuse and Treatment Centers in Afghanistan Essay

The issue of narcotic medicates production and consumption is worsening in Afghanistan which threatens the tri entirelye and hinders the development. Afghanistan as the largest opium-producing country in the world produces 94% of the worlds opiates and olibanum has 920,000 illicit do doses usagers. Ministry of Counter Narcotics (MCN) and many other major organizations such as International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), UNODC and Colombo Plan aim to eliminate opium and illicit doses cultivation, production, trafficking and addiction in Afghanistan through different programs.As an example, INL has taken actions to decrease drug demand by establishing intercession centers in many provinces of Afghanistan. Specifically, this paper aims to analyze interventions in drug addicts lives by Nejat as a male and Sanga Amaj as a female drug treatment center from an ethical point of view. Throughout the intervention, these two centers fuck off overlooked issues related to women, companionable stigmatization and problems of forced treatment.Despite its deficiencies, intervention by Nejat and Sanga Amaj significantly contri hardlyes to drug abusers human rights and alike the security and development of Afghanistan and thus benefits both individuals and the caller. First of all, Sanga Amaj and Nejat instigate the Human Right to Health by providing access to drug treatment and also aiming to decrease and prevent negative wellness consequences of drug abuse. Right to health is the economic, social and cultural right of everyone to the highest possible standard of mental and physical health.Sanga Amaj and Nejat help drug users to lead healthy lives by decrease the mental and physical health problems, that drug usage poses to their lives. HIV Aids, Hepatitis B, social exclusion and self-destructions among drug users are both(prenominal) of the main examples of physical and psychological harms of drug usage primarily among injecting addicts. Accordin g to an HIV report in Afghanistan, almost all the known cases of HIV infection in Afghanistan today are referable to injecting drug use, thus drug use treatment will save a big number of injecting drug users lives.Besides, treating drug users, a socially excluded and marginalized group affect by drug addiction, and bringing them back to live normal and healthy lives in their societies like everyone else help them overcome the psychological problems posed by addiction. Usually, drug abusers live in hostile and unclean places like under bridges and garbage piles that are unhealthy habitats and cause varieties of other diseases especially caused by bacteria.By providing treatment facilities to drug abusers and thus eliminating and preventing all these health disadvantages, Sanga Amaj and Nejat support health well-being of the lodge overall. Secondly, Sanga Amaj and Nejat contribute to promote the security in individuals lives which promotes the security of everyone and of the count ry. The diseases that develop in relation to drug abuse (HIV, Hepatitis and other diseases including mental disorders) are all a threat not just now in drugs users lives but also to individual, national and human health and financial security.Besides, according to studies, drug consumption causes poverty, violence and criminal behavior in a certain society which poses severe economical and social insecurity not only to drug users lives but also their families and the society. Many road and domestic accidents, drug crimes, and death because of overdose are due to drug usage. Such as, it is common that drug abusers commit crimes such as they steal money for buying drugs. Besides, insecurity and disorder due to drug trafficking and crimes becomes the bases for corruption, insecurity and illegal drug smuggling and poverty in society which affects everyone.Thus, these treatment centers intervention promotes the protection of drug users rights by facilitating treatment and preventing the m from these crimes trance leading them to health, social and economical security. Nejat and Sanga Amaj also add to human resources and productivity and play a positive role for the development of drug abusers and other citizens lives and thus for a sustainable development of Afghanistan. First of all, intervention in drug abusers lives causes them to lead much more productive lives than before because drug abusers are uncreative both in school and labor.Drug abuse incurs social costs in the form of discharge of productivity and family income, violence, security problems, traffic and workplace accidents, and tie in with corruption and loss of productivity and corruption affects the development of a country and its all citizens negatively. Much HIV-related mortality occurs in adults in their productive age, which causes loss in an individuals life, and also the prosperity of their families, and the country.When drug users get treatment, they go in societies and lead much more pro ductive lives which not only benefit them but also the society and its other citizens. Thus, by decreasing drug usage, a harmful factor of drugs users lives and also of the society and thus decreasing the level of health issues, violence, crimes and poverty, Sanga Amaj and Nejat are actually promoting the well being of the citizens as human beings and leads them and their societies to development. In addition to all these, treatment centers, specifically, Sanga Amaj highly contributes in promoting childrens rights. 0,000 of this drug-abusing populace are children who are usually born from or breastfed by addicted mothers, get addicted due to second hand smoke in families with addicted members, or are keepn opium or drugs directly for ailments or more working hours.As a doctor states, If a child cries, they give him opium, if he cant sleep, they use opium, if an infant coughs, opium, a child is fed opium frequently which makes them addicted. These children while growing up then have to respect a way to get opium or drugs. It usually leads them to crimes, such as, stealing at an early age, or leads them to being abused, especially sexual abuse.A great number of drug addicts sell their bodies or work as prostitutes to get money. For example, many male children become dancing boys who usually dance in presence of men and are used by them for sexual purposes and thus get little money or drugs in return. It increases sexual slavery of children, social crimes against them and also exploits their lives and thus deepens the issue even more. Sanga Amaj as a childrens treatment center provides treatment facilities which help in promoting childrens rights to healthy and normal lives.It plays a good role in preventing the devastating consequences of child drug abuse and thus has a big hand in supporting childrens rights. On the other hand, not only the treatment facilities available for drug users are insufficient compared to the level of drug consumption but also it is unevenly distributed betwixt men and women and also different provinces. According to DW report of 2013, around 1. 3 million of population in Afghanistan is addicted to drugs. The existent services are equal to(predicate) for only 10,000 addicts every year so the remainder of the addicts do not have access to treatment facilities.The drug abusers without services are mainly women who have only 2 treatment centers around the country and the drug users in provinces without centers as most of the centers are located in Kabul while some provinces do not have even one. For example, Sanga Amaj as one of the only two womens residential treatment centers among the 40 treatment centers overall has 20 beds while Nejat as one of the many treatment centers for male drug users provides structured treatment with 50 beds available . Thus, as though Sanga Amaj has successfully hardened 400 women with having only 15 relapses, it is much less(prenominal) compared to the number of women drug users .Additionally, these treatment centers are located only in some main provinces such as Kabul while leaving other provinces without centers. This proportion of facilities has created an uneven distribution of facilities among people in different provinces and also among male and female drug abusers. Traditional drug treatment programs have been designed to treat male addicts and fail to address the needs of women leading to inequity. Basically, 120,000 of the drug users in Afghanistan are women which susceptibility be less than the real number as most of them are reluctant to reveal their addiction.As UNODC reports, Drug use among women and children is extremely difficult to envision in Afghan society as it is easier to conceal and most often occurs in the home, women make a big part of this populace but have remained invisible. Besides, most addicted women are from countrified areas where they consume opium on a regular basis to cure their illnesses while the only two residential treatment centers available for them are located in big cities, leaving out women in the rest of 34 provinces demanding treatment.Men have more treatment centers than women though it is easier for them to travel from one province to another and despite the fact that many women are not addicted by their choice. They are forced by members of family, especially by husbands, and thus do not have the autonomy to decide active their addiction or undergoing treatment. As Shinkai Zahin claims, Woman addicts were ignored by both the Afghan government and international donors, womens needs have been overlooked.As every woman, man, youth and child has the equal human right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, at this point women drug users right to health is undermined by discrimination. The social stigma of drug abuse creates an environment where society overlooks the external reasons of drug addiction and instead blames and ill-treats the drug abusers and leads to forced treatments. Initially, drug usage is considered disgraceful and drug users as the ones who perform this shameful act are degraded though it is usually unemployment, poverty, sickness, depression, violence, migration, imprisonment, etc. hat leads to addiction. Putting all the blame on the drug abusers leads to their ill treatment, being marginalized and negative psychological effects. Therefore, drug usage turns into shameful secret for drug users and they are socially condemned such as many of drug users especially male are beaten and sometimes they are forcefully imprisoned or brought to treatment centers. As The right to health is an inclusive right and contains freedom, forced treatment which is against a drug users will is a form of degradation and violates his/her right of decision-making.Moreover, the treatment process is a difficult, painful and cruel process and sometimes drug abusers are unhuman during the process. Treatment includes withdrawal effects and drug d etoxification which is extremely painful and if the clients resist, they are tied to beds for hours to days. Sometimes, drug users who cannot endure these pains die during the treatment, try to commit suicide or run away. These cases are against the key aspects of Right to Health defined by the UN high commissioner that right to health should be free from non-consensual medical treatment, single-foot and other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment.Some drug users claim that forced treatment violates their liberty and forces them to quit, deal with the withdrawal, and give up what they call the intense feeling of pleasure. A former heroin addict states, The War on Drugs isnt a War on Drugs, its a war on personal liberty and a war on ones ownership of their body, so forcing treatment is degrading them and their human rights. Therefore, considering drug usage a crime or shameful act and thus enforcing treatment on unwilling drug abusers cannot be reassert based on thei r individual human rights.To conclude, Sanga Amaj and Nejat as two major treatment centers benefits drug users and Afghanistan in many ways through their intervention in drug users lives. It ensures their human right to health, security and development and also childrens rights in many ways. Thus, it advantages not only the drug users but also their societies. Besides, though the treatment facilities provided is not sufficient and also is unevenly distributed among places and genders, based on cost-benefit analysis their intervention still is justified as it does more good than harm.Having less or insufficient treatment facilities is better than not having at all and in the same way treating some women is better than none. Instead, ending the social stereotypes about drug users and also men and women, and also preventing forced treatments while providing more counseling can make the intervention more sufficient. Besides, building more centers for females and rural areas is a better way to maintain equality.

Of Mice and Men English language Essay

Many of the characters in of Mice and Men are lonesome and nearly defend dreams to sustain them. Write ab protrude 2-3 of them and explain wherefore we feel sympathetic toward them.The nurse of Mice and Men was written by an Ameri rouse writer c tout ensembleed conjuring trick Steinbeck. He was born in Salinas, California and wrote this book from the theme The Great Depression. The title of this book got its name from a Scottish poet Rabbi Burns in one of his poems c on the wholeed To a Mouse which direction most plans from universe or animal dont sprain out in the end.When I pronounce the Great Depression, this was a signifi sternt world even offt which started on 29 October 1929, this day was-from consequently on-nicknamed depressed Tuesday be typeface on that very akin day the shop markets cra confound, which meant that the money in in that respect mixed-up its value. Due to this, 9 million banks closed, which meant that closely 86,000 businesses failed for 2 reas ons first offly the businesses didnt switch the money to uphold them going. secondly pot didnt have the money to buy the social occasions the businesses were selling.Because businesses closed, unemploy workforcet rate increased, in 1929, the percentage of unemployment was 3%. However in 1934, the unemployment rate was 26%+. This shows that there was a big rise for throng losing jobs. By saying this, you must be honoured to keep your job (most people illogical their jobs), although if your job was secure, your wages would decrease by approximately 60%, if you walked out on that job, it would be hard for you to find anformer(a) job, the employer wouldnt have to worry much since there were lines of people queuing up for jobs.At 1 point, estimates say 34 million people had no income at all, thus meant that people cognised in shanty towns. This non unaccompanied when was in the small cities, just care a shot developed in the major states such as New York and Washington D.C . People nicknamed these shanty towns as Ho everywherevilles, because it was nicknamed after the Ameri fuel chairwo earth at that snip, Herbert Hoover.So how would this recession affect people? round people couldnt cope with it so they committed suicide. Marriages broke nap due to the fiscal pressure. People became itinery/migrant workers. This means travelling round the country smell for work, if they did find work, it would be short term, unskilled, insecure and labouring. Most jobs were in California (farming area), 1000s of families lost their homes due to failing to pay mortgages, so people had to live in shanty towns. So soup kitchens were set up, and there would be queues of 1000s (maybe more) of mixtures of people in dirty c clusteringhes to people in business suits.If these people were moving around they wouldnt be able to stay with their families/friends. Because of this, people got lonely because they were feeling for jobs, so they wouldnt have any time for relations hips, and as George says we ask no questions on the bedcover which means that you keep your self to yourself. No-one k at presents who you are or where youve come from, or what theyre planning to do next. If you knew these intimacys about a specific person (or any person), they would specialize you off for nosing around.All of the things I have mentioned all come in the theme of the Great Depression, which is the thing behind the story that prank Steinbeck is trying to recite. For example, most characters in of Mice and Men were migrant workers and to begin with Lennie and George came to the ranch in Soledad. candy tells Lennie about a disconsolatesmith called Whitey, who came, got his money and leave, why he just quit, just wanted to move, didnt give no separate reason only when the food just say gimme my time, the way any guy would. Although George and Lennie travel around to payher, it would have been exceedingly unusual for this to happen in a time resembling this, most men travelled alone. We see this in the novel like Slim, Crooks, and Candy, provided I must say it is highly unusual that men travel around together, Slim says this in section 2.This novel is set in California, which is situated in the southern state of the USA. If you were workings in a billet where Lennie and George were working- your friends and family is miles- maybe further- away. Your only alternative is to make friends otherwise you are walking a lonely road. as well a thing that you would have to take into consideration is the size of the commit, the place that they (Lennie and George) were working was on a ranch. A ranch is the equivalent for a farm in England, notwithstanding however, a ranch is much bigger than a farm that we push to in England. The distance, as Ive mentioned is pretty far- not to mention being repulse off from your family and friends, theyd have to walk miles to the ranch, otherwise youd have to hitch a ride from a passing truck.From the way they live that I learned from chapter 2, firstly I learn that they are violent, I k this instant this from when they let crooks- the black person- come into the ticktock digest for Christmas, sounds nice doesnt it? allow the black man come into the bunk house on this festive occasion, but from what I learn they only let him in to batter him black and blue And enjoy it Yes sir, we had fun. They let the nigger come in that night. Little skinner the name of smitty took after the nigger. I personally think that its unspeakable, but its true. Secondly I learn that they have very low privacy and basic living condition. For example, they have straws for mattresses and apple crates for bedside desks.They have little comfort- like the bunk house isnt well presented, no paint on the walls, crates for chairs table in the middle and a deck of cards for daily entertainment, postal decree compared to the entertainment that we have today, like PS3s and Xbox 360s etc. also, anonymity, the w ay people keep themselves to themselves, how people dont be where youre from. Finally, how migrant workers move from place to place- as this is what migrant workers do. We see this in the novel from the beginning when Lennie got in trouble and they had to flee when Lennie sexually harassed a girl in weed.Dreams champion people achieve things in life, no matter what scenario you are in. they give people power and confidence. Although I state in the title of this essay and have dreams to sustain them the dream that they are referring to is the American dream. Before John Steinbeck wrote this book, he was interested in finding out about power, ownership and control and what it did on normal people. Due to the Great Depression, most people didnt have jobs, so they relied on bosses to permit them to a job but they manage to entrust all that stress aside towards a dream that they have. Most of who dream of a dream called the American dream. These dreams tell us about the life people a re living. Most characters in the novel have dreams to. But Lennie and Georges dream are the most authoritative because they tell us about the farming that has been created.America has always been seen as the land of opportunity, freedom, a place to live and most importantly, a new life. A place for wealth and a place for objective possibilities, this was referred to as the American dream. Immigrants moved to over America because they believed in this dream. So how was America founded? In 1607, people from Britain went to America to find gold these people were cognise as the Virginia colony. Because the island they first found they named after the Queen Eliza stakesh, who of course, was a Virgin Queen. But of instead finding gold, they found tobacco (which was known a black gold in Britain-very popular.) and brought it affirm to England to sell. In 1620 a group of English Protestants who detested against the Church of England moved to America fashioning for religious freedom, t hese were known as the Plymouth colony or Pilgrims.In the Harsh Winter of 1620-1621, half of the Plymouth colony died due the coldness of the weather, when they arrived to America, it was serious of wilderness and red Indians/Native Americans. In 1630 1000 more arrived to establish more colonies. In 1642, the Plymouth colony had 12000 settlers from Europe, again searching for religious freedom. By 1776, the colonies in America were fed up of the British monarchs ruling them and wanted their own independence, because the monarch of England was the monarch of America, and they had enough of this. In Britain the law was only set up for the landowners, if you wasnt a landowner then you didnt count. So 4th July 1776, the American colonies set up a universal declaration of independence. Here is an extract from it.We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the creator with certain unalienable rights. Rights that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The statue of liberty was a present from the French man Gustave Eiffel, due to the French revolution happening in France he set up the statue of liberty to symbolise this dream, because the American dream was similar in France. If you were an immigrant approach into America by boat, the statue of liberty would be the first thing that you saw.However, this American dream inspired umpteen people. By 1929, the Great Depression spoilt these dreams for many people since they didnt have the money to live happily. As stated in the novel, George and Lennie- and Candy aim to get a ranch to themselves and Lennie wants to pet the rabbits. Some elements of the dream include material comforts and financial security- not being in debt and having everything you need. Being in control of your destiny- you making the choices in your own life, not people telling you what to do. Gaining the respect of others- living in a peaceful society. Companionship and shari ng equitable fortune- having friends and keeping apiece other happy. And last but not least making your mark-something to be proud of- achieving things in life getting the best in life. The American dream today isnt all about freedom its about money and fame. For example, if you look at Hollywood actors and actresses etc.When an author writes a book, they must make some important choices. For example, whether to base the story involving letters or e-mails or telling the story as a flash back/ flash forward. People write book for various reasons to inform the reader- this might be something that has happened previously, or presently. Some people write books to persuade or entertain you-it might encourage you to change your life. John Steinbeck written this book to inform-recalling what life was like in the Great Depression for migrant workers. He also creates a description he lets the action exit in for the reader, also he helps create a physical appearance in your mind, by using a wide range of onomatopoeia and so cow dung that a lizard makes a great skittering if he runs among them skittering is the sound that is being made.Another thing that the writer must consider is to select whether to write in 1st or 3rd person. If you wrote in first person, you can fully understand what that person, what goes on in that per centumicular persons mind. But the down side is that you can only see what is happening when that person is present. If John Steinbeck chose to write this novel in the 1st person, we wouldnt see what would happen to George if Lennie wasnt there etc. however if you chose to write in the 3rd person, you can see the minds of all the characters in the book.Unfortunately 3rd person isnt always in the full depths of understanding- meaning that although you can read everybodys mind, it doesnt provide in depth detail. John Steinbeck chose 3rd person this is a good choice because you can see in everybodys mind and John Steinbeck exposit the novel in fu ll understanding in 3rd person, also he has ordain the plot in Great detail and has employ a lot of wide range of vocabulary slowly, like a terrier who doesnt want to bring in a ball to his master, Lennie approached, drew back, and approached again.Another interesting technique John Steinbeck has chosen to use is starting and ending the story in the same setting. He also set this novel in a rural location (in the countryside) and used adjectives, careful words and descriptions to this novel create an exact physical location. As well as this, the time scale of this novel is described for 1 week- this shows that George and Lennie havent moved very far in their lives, they havent moved forward.Finally one of the things that you need to consider is how much direct speech you use, not too much or you will slow down the plot, too less will not move the plot forward. So it is essential that you use the right amount. In this novel there is a lot of blasphemy Jesus he tell hes jes like a kid aint he- and s eroding listen here you crazy motherfucker- and racist comments Jesus how that nigger can pitch shoes- Steinbeck used a wide range of direct speech, thus helps us understand the characters more. This sort of language is found in most aspects of this novel- it is commonly asked why its studied in schools- racism, blasphemy and swearing is the kind of language that was used in the Great Depression, this was because the characters were migrant workers and they were uneducated, manual workers and non intellectual.Some of the characters in of Mice and Men are lonely I am going to talk about 3 of them. The first character I am going to look at is Candy. Candy is an old dowseer living at the ranch George and Lennie worked at. He is an old man with a missing wrist the wooden hatch raised. The door opened and a tall, stoop shouldered man came in. he was dressed in blue jeans and he carried a push b agency in his left lapse and out of the sleeve came a round stick like wrist , but no hand. Also he has a really old red hot that evidently he has had since he was a pup and at is heels there walked a suck up footed sheep cover he also has no relatives cause I aint got no relatives or nothingI find that Candy is lonely he is lonely in several ways. Firstly his disability, he lost his hand I aint much good with ony one hand, I lost my hand right here on this ranch thats why they give me a job swamping an they give me two hundred and fifty dollars cause I los my hand this makes you think that it was their fault that Candy has lost his hand because if it wasnt then they wouldnt give an old folk money if they could vitiate it Especially in a depressionSo he cannot go out to buck barley like the rest of the men because he hasnt got the energy or strength like the other men have which means that he is lonely all day and has to wait for them to come back. He cant go down to Soledad because he is too old after that the guys went down to Soledad and raised crazy house, I didnt go there, I aint got the dickhead no moreCandy was very close to that bob, he had him since he was a puppy, and so that dog is important to him. Firstly, he spends all of his day with that dog. Also that dog is a link to all the memories he has yeah I had him since he was a pup, god he was a damn good sheep dog when he was younger. When the dog gets shot Candy is desperate to leave the ranch, he hasnt got any body to keep him there (since his dog was his only companion) now the dog has been shot he hasnt got a friend anymore, which is why he is so desperate to leave the ranch. And follow Lennie and George with this dream that they have.Candy has beseem so desperate to be part of Lennie and Georges dream that he is prepared to give all of his savings to them spose I went in with you guys, thats three hundred and fifty bucks Id roam in. that is three hundred and fifty dollars that Candy is prepared to give- $50 a month- so he is prepared to give 7 months wag es to two guys that he has met on that very same day This shows that he is desperate.Candy sees no hope on the ranch when they can me I wisht somebodyd shoot me hed rather be dead than stay on the ranch now his dog has been shot. He desperately wants something to look forward to, something to be happy about, and somewhere to belong to. The idea of this dream gives him hope. He wants to reefer the dream because his dog has been shot. Lennie and George accept him because he has got the money.Because Lennie and George have accepted Candy into this dream, he begins to change. Firstly Candy has gained the ability to be self critical. He can see that he should have shot his dog himself I ought to have shot that dog myself, George, I shouldnt ought to have let no stranger shoot my dog this shows that he has got over his dog being shot.Secondly Candy has gained the confidence to join in with the other men, like when he joins into the attack with Curley (glove fulla Vaseline Candy said disg ustingly). This shows that he isnt appald to join in when everybody is cheeking Candy. He wouldnt have done this before because he would have been sacked, but now he fells more confident and feels more part of the group he only used to say things behind peoples backs, not to their faces (the swamper stood up from his box know what I think George did not answer well I think hes married a tart) he only used to say things like that behind peoples back. Now he feels more confident, he will say it to their faces.Thirdly, he starts to plan and look forward I tell ya what Lennie, Ive been figuring about them rabbits he knows what his future going to be, he is looking forward to it. He wasnt like this before because he couldnt see any future, he had nothing to look forward to. His future seemed horrible theyll can me purty soon as I cant swamp out no bunk houses theyll put me on the county he tells Lennie and George that hes going to a county, no friends, no family, no entertainment, simpl e life, horrible experience.Finally I found out that has got more confident when talking to Curleys married woman when he backs up Crooks if you was to do that, wed tell wed tell you up about you framing Crooks he wouldnt have done this before because it is the bosses sons wife that he is talking to and he would be sacked- and he cannot kick in that to happen because he hasnt got no place else to go, he had to rely on his boss to permit him to work on the ranch and he is rather confident that he his future is going to happen, so now he doesnt care about being sacked, the fear of being sacked has left him.When Lennie kills Curleys wife the dream that Candy was looking forward to have come to an end, Candy was really relying on that dream, its made him more lively, its helped him join in with the other people (glove fulla Vaseline) now Curleys wifes death has caused this dream to fail. I know this from when he says to Curleys wifes the Great Compromiser you done it dint you? I spose youre glad. Everbody knowed youd mess things up.You wasnt no good, you aint no good now, you lousy tart to say something like this to a dead body is highly disrespectful, like stealing candy from a baby it isnt delightful because it is impolite. But all of his anger has caused him to strengthen up become more confident, when he says if they was a circus or a baseball game we would of went to her jus said ta hell with work, an went to her. Never ast nobody say so. An theyd of been a pig and chickens an in the winter the little fat stove an the rain comin and jus us settin there. The dots between his speeches are called ellipses these indicate that Candy is angry that his dream has been taken from him. And the ellipsis shows that Candy is trying to control his emotions, until he breaks down -his eyes blind with tears.After this incident , Candy isnt just back to how he was before, I think that he would be more broken than he was because hew has lost his dog. When the dream was menti oned to him-it was like giving a child a sweet and taking it from him- he had his hopes up, now it looked like it was all over as if it had never begun. So his future seems quite dull for an old man. I think that he would be worse off.The next person I would like to observe is Crooks. Crooks is a stable buck who also lives at the ranch where Lennie and George once worked. A stable buck is someone who looks after the horses and the mules he is also a black man. He lives not in the bunk house where all the other guys live he lives in a shed of a barn. The job of the stable buck is very important because it is vital for the horses and the mules to be kept in good condition due to that being the only transport, meaning that the horses and the mules must be kept well looked after. The reason why he is called Crooks is because he is disabled this shows that he cannot work with the other men. He has a permanent Job looking after the mules and horses this is a semi-skilled job because it re quires skill to do this job.There are several reasons why Crooks is lonely. Firstly he is black, the only black on the ranch and now there aint no coloured guy on the ranch he grew up as the only black family in Soledad there wasnt another coloured family for miles around. There is only one coloured family in Soledad an theres jus one family in Soledad. This makes him lonely because he hasnt got anybody like him, nobody black like him. He is the only one.Segregation means separation, separated from the others, this is what happens to Crooks. He isnt allowed in the bunk house, he lives in a little shed led off the barn a little shed led off the barn since he been separated from the others, he feels that discolor people have no right in his room you got no right to come in my room. This heres my room nobody got any right in here but me. From this, Crooks feels rejected I cant play cards because Im black. They say I stink, well, I tell you, you stink too Crooks is a victim of institut ional racism- this means that the law cannot protect him. I know this from when Curleys wife says to him I can get you strung up so easy it aint even shadyThe word nigger can be said in two ways-to describe sure, ya see, the stable bucks a nigger this shows ignorance, this shows that people do not know that it is an offensive word- and hurtful then you keep your place then nigger, I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even funny what she said was true backthen, if a black man looked at a white woman funny then (no matter what personality she is) she can get him strung up and the law cannot protect him. Crooks is isolated, no-one comes into his room except for Slim and the boss guys like you dont come into a coloured mans room very much. Nobody been in here but Slim, Slim and the boss.Experts say that being isolated can affect your mental health, which evidently it has done to Crooks. He is quiet, aloof (keep yourself to yourself) and depressed. He was not always like this. In his youth he was part of a loving family remember when I was a little kid on my old mans chicken ranch. Had two brothers, they was always with me, always there this makes Crooks lonelier than he is now because he had a family, he had a life, he had a future, but now it has been taken from him.America was a far more racist community than it was now. I know this from the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) this was (and still is) a white supremacist organisation, which has an aim of striking fear and intimidation into black people. The KKK believed that blacks were like animals and had little rights due to the fact that they are black-terrible, but true- black people were routinely dragged out of their homes and beaten, raped, castrated (cutting off penis and testicles) or possibly murdered. Slavery was abolished in America it was very strong in the southern states. This is why Crooks says that he isnt a southern Negro I aint a southern negro this shows that Crooks was born a free black. Cro oks (as far as we know) hasnt offended from the KKK but it could still launch him because he know in theory what will happen to him.Being isolated is not good for people. As Ive said earlier, isolation can affect your mental health. He is also the only character in this novel that knows what loneliness does to you- Steinbecks message has been put into Crookss mouth a guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody. From suffering from isolation Crooks begins to get his own back and scare Lennie want me ta tell ya whatll happen?Theyll take ya to the booby hatch. Theyll tie ya up with a collar, like a dog. From this he has become misanthropical (this means that you believe things will always go wrong, what ever the scenario) and pessimistic (always looking on the down side of things youll talk abut it a hell of a lot, but you wont get no land. Yet he may be black, but he is brighter than all the other men in the novel And he had a book too a tattered dictionary and a mauled copy of the Califor nia civil code for 1905 he hasnt got the right to fulfil his intelligence, this shows what racism was like and what it did.When Lennie and Candy mention the dream to Crooks he offers to join it immediately if youguys would want to work for nothing-just his keep, why Id come an lend a hand. I aint so crippled I cant work like a son-of-a-bitch when I want to. The way he asked it was to hint to them, try not to give them an excuse to punish him. He really wants to be part of the dream, we never hear Crooks speak of his dreams, when Lennie and Candy talk about their dream, Crooks springs up and wants to become part of it. Crooks has the same dream, but he never shows it, because hes black. In the ellipsis he is trying to hint to them for them to accept him. We want Crooks to be accepted because it would be a go against life, possibly a better ending.When Crooks wants to be part of Lennie and Candys dream, he has his hopes up, but when Curleys wife enters the scene and threatens him I c ould get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even funny he changes his mind- not as if he wants to- but for protection. What Curleys wife said was true, so Crooks loses all of his confidence, and backs out of this dream. So what will happen to him is that he will be exactly how he was before lonely, aloof, intimidated. We will feel sorry for him because now he has ended up worse than he was before, now he knows that things will always go wrong for himIn a Depression everybody suffers. If you were black or disabled you suffer even more because nobody would want to employ you. Employers want white, fit and young workers, if they were fit to get that job, it would be low payed, you would suffer either way, but if you was black or disabled you would be less likely to get that job, Candy only got that job because he lost his hand under their behalf. Crooks only got that job because hes been there a long time and hes got skill. If Crooks and Candy were kicked and had to start again, i t wouldnt be easy for them to get another job.The final character I am going to look at is Curleys wife. Curleys wife is the recent bosses sons wife on the ranch lennie and George worked at- so the men on the ranc will look at her as the new kid. whit picked uphis cards and examined them seen the new kid yet. She looks probally 16-17 age old. I know this from when an actor said she could go with them.She says that she is only 15. he says I could gowith him on that show. But my ol lady wouldnt let me. She says because I was ony 15. Also she is pretty but in an artificial way- this means that she pretends to be beautiful a girl was standing there looking in. she had full rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her finger nails were red.her hair hung in little rolled clusters like sausages. She wore a cotton house dressand red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquettes of red ostrich feathers back then respectable women didnt wear make up how she does, this is wh y the men refer her to as a tart I think Curleys married a tart she is never refered to as a name- just an individual.Also she can provokes strong feelings in both readers and characters (sympathy and hostility) to lennie, who thinks shes georgeous- shes purty- and George- who thinks discustingly of her- dont you even take a look at that bitch- the readers feel the same more-or-less. Steinbeck had a more sympathetic view of the character of Curleys wife- I know this from the Miss Luce letter. When Steinbeck adapted this novel into a play, the actor playing Curleys wife wrote to him because he did not know how to play her. So Steinbeck wrote a sympathetic letter back to Miss Luce explaining that her character in more detail.There are a number of reasons why Curleys wife is lonely. A womans role at that time was far different than today. Women those days had to stay in the home cook meals and look after the kids- Curleys wife cant do this because she is living with Curleys father, she cant cook there is a cook that cooks all the meals on the ranch. straightaway women own companies, go to work etc. Curleys wife cannot get a job because in a depression, all the jobs would go to the men, plus women werent seen as workers, their job was to stay in the home.Also respectable women didnt wear make up, if you did then the men would think bad of you. Yet also there isnt another woman on the ranch for or nearby-so she hasnt got any support, girls and boys like the company of people their age, girls share make up, clothes, talk to each other, and chat about life. Curleys wife cant chat with other girls since there isnt anybody Curleys mother seems evidently dead or doesnt live with them, so she cant talk to her. She cannot go into town to meet other girls because she cannot travel alone, if she does then society will disrespect her.She is treated by Curley as a sex object, as a possession- a perfect example of this is when she dies, Curleys reaction to her death, there is no weeping, no remorse, Curley goes straight for penalize Im gonna get him. Im going for my shotgun. Ill kill the big son-of-a-bitch myself. Ill shoot him in the guts. Come on, you guys he only goes for revenge for Lennie because he hates big guys. Curley sees his wife as a sex object from when he brags about his glove fulla Vaseline Curley says this because when the men ask him why he is wearing a glove full of Vaseline, he says he is keeping it soft for his wife. He only says this to make the other guys jealous.As for the other men on the ranch, they see her as someone who is dangerous, she is judged by her first appearance well aint she a looloo? they say this because she doesnt fit into the mens category as normal, respectable women didnt wear make up- she wears make up- respectable women didnt leave the house- shes in their faces. When Whit says I bet she even gives the stable buck the eye when he says this, it is a major insult to a woman. For a woman to cat sleep with a bla ck man is seen as the taboo, it just wasnt right back then. They refer her to a tart (prostitute) however they talk about the actual tarts at the cathouse with real warmth and pleasure we go to old susys place. Hell of a nice place. Old susys a laugh- always cracking jokes. They talk about tarts as if they like them. But they dont like Curleys wife and call her a tart, when she isnt one. It seems as if she cannot win.When you are a married man, you work and look after your wife. Curley has only been married for two weeks and hes going to the cathouse Curleys wife hasnt done anything. This does not pass unremarked Curleys wife tells Lennie how she feels about it I get lonely she said you can talk to people, but I cant talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets mad. Howd you like not to talk to anybody?So what has loneliness done to her? Its made her desperate she ignores the voice inside her head that something is wrong. She took Lennies hand and put it on her head. This shows that she is desperate for company. She also has become cruel listen nigger she said you know what I can do to you if you open your trap this shows that she feels as if she can get her own back on them, she feels as if- for the first time in a long time I suppose- she can take control. Eventually it kills her. She got that desperate for company that she stayed in that room with Lennie and got herself killed.Many people have dreams, Curleys wife has a dream, and this dream means a lot to her. Curleys wife wants to be a movie star this was because the film industry was just starting. This was a dream for most young girls back then. Like of how girls of 16-17 want to become models. Evidently this was a realistic dream for young girls back then. She got this dream from when she was 15 an actor said that she could be in the movies nother time I met a guy an he was in pitchers. Went out to the riverside dance palace with him.He says he was going to put me in the movies. Says I was a natural. Soons he got back to Hollywood he was going to write to me about it what this man really wanted to was to sleep with her. I dont think he was in the movies at all, I think he was just claiming, it would be highly unnatural for a Hollywood film producer to turn up in a small place like Soledad, like a famous person tour up in Bloxwitch, it wouldnt happen on an everyday basis. This is why her mother wouldnt let her my ol lady wouldnt let me her mother wouldnt let her go with him because he wanted to protect her. This shows that Curleys wife is shallow- cares about her appearance, gullible- believes everything that she is told, and nave- meaning that she is too trusting to people.She hasnt got any real genius because we havent really seen her act out before, so the probability of this dream becoming true is highly unlikely. But she doesnt want to be in the movies to act. No, she wants to be famous she wants to be admired and to wear flashy clothes. The affect of this is that she wants to be like how the actresses are, trying to impress the men- just the sad thing is that the men dont refer her as an actresses, they refer her to as a tart and vow to keep a distance form her.The effect of this is the total opposite of what she wants (of how they look at her as a tart) she doesnt want that, she wants to be respected by them. She wants to make something of herself well I wasnt gonna stay no place where I couldnt get nowhere or make something of myself this ties up with the American Dream. This is great proof that the dream in reality exists.When Curleys wife dies, Steinbeck presents her death in a sympathetic and descriptive manner- now her rouged cheeks and her reddened lips made her seem alive and sleeping very quietly when he presents her death, we- us and the characters- see the real woman. We see her no more than a tool to be polished and maimed, never to be respected nor confided in. And when she described her dream beforehand, this is a sympathetic ending to he r life.For the final part of this essay I will talk about who I personally think is the loneliest. I think that the loneliest character is Curleys wife because she is the only woman on the ranch and everybody looks down upon her as something disgustingly on a lavatory seat. She is also the loneliest because even her own husband doesnt particularly respect her.I think this text of Mice and Men was an interesting and mind bending book with a grip and plot. There are some things that I know now that I didnt now before, for instance the Great Depression, I knew roughly what it was but I never knew that this book had the theme of it. Also, loneliness, the other theme, also happens today. Like how it drives people crazy. Like the message John Steinbeck is trying to put out.

Prison Health Care Essay

Health care is a major issue. The issue of wellness care, no matter who views, takes on some(prenominal) perspectives, however, the point of view of prison is a another world of its own. Federal and farming laws in place states that correctional facilities and/or prisons must provide prisoners with aesculapian facilities that would oversee their medical needs. This paper will identify a governmental potency that regulates prison health care, the impact on health care, the duties the situation carries out, this agencys regulatory authority in relation to health care and the processes for accreditation, certification and authorization.The Federal spot of PrisonsThe Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is an agency created on may 14, 1930. Its main headquarters is in Washington, D.C. The BOP is a subdivision of the United States Justice Department and is responsible for the administration of the federal prison system. Its sole place is to provide more open-minded and compassionate ca re to those who are federal inmates with the United States prison system. As time passed and laws were changed, The BOPs responsibilities grew and by the end of 1930, the agency operated 14 facilities for well over 13,000 inmates (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2015). By 1940s, the BOP grew to having 24 facilities with over 24,000 inmates.As a result of Federal law enforcement efforts and parvenu legislation that altered sentencing in the Federal criminal justice system, the 1980s brought anincrease in the number of Federal inmates. According to the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, realised determinate sentencing, abolished parole, and reduced good time. During the 1990s, the population doubled as efforts to combat illegal drugs and illegal immigration contributed to a significant increase in condemnation rates. To present date, the population continues to increase with Federal prisons reach a current population of over 210,000.Impact on Health CareTo control ascent costs of health car e, since the early 1990s the BOP implement initiatives aimed at providing more efficient and effective inmate health care (Efforts to Manage, 2008). These on-going initiatives included depute most inmates to institutions based on the care level, installing an electronic medical records system that connects institutions, implementing tele-health to provide health care services through video conferencing, and implementing a bill adjudication process to avoid costly errors when validating health care related invoices (Efforts to Manage, 2008). Since the early 1990s, BOP has attempted to increase efficiency and economy of health care delivery to prisoners through various cost containment initiatives, such as restructuring medical staff, obtaining discounts through quantity or bulk purchases, leveraging resources through accommodating efforts and other governmental entities and even privatizing medical services at selected facilities (Containing Health Cost for Inmate Population, 2008) .Duties of the Federal Bureau of PrisonsThe mission of the BOP is to protect purchase order by confining offenders in the controlled environments of prisons and community based facilities that are safe, humane, cost efficient and appropriately secure and that provide work and other self-improvement opportunities to financial aid offenders in becoming law abiding citizens (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2015). This agency is responsible for providing medically needed health care to inmates in agreement with federal and state laws. One of the most negative aspects of the BOP is it is responsible for carrying out all judicially mandated federal executions, including lethal injection of inmates who have been sentenced to death for a abuse they have committed (Federal, 2015).This agency maintains the lethal injection chamber of a prison before, during,and after an execution, making sure that the lethal injection is set up appropriately. The structure of the BOP is made of several division s with board of directors. Inmates are confined in facilities spread out across the United States. all(prenominal) facility reports to a regional office, which provides close oversight and support to that site. At the headquarters, national programs are developed and functional support is provided to the entire agency by division (Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2015).Regulatory Authority Accreditation, Certification and AuthorizationAccreditation is necessary for prisons as it contributes to making the prisons operations, policies and procedures clear as well as increase the accountability of those operating the prisons. Accreditation provides and verifies the standards that an scheme is required to meet. The American Correctional Association (ACA) performs the function with regard to the general operational activities of the correctional facilities (Hamilton, 2015). The American Correctional Association developed national standards for safe, effective, and professed(prenominal) oper ation of the correctional facilities. These standards are essential guides to policies and processed that protect the health and safety of prisoners and facility staff. These standards are regularly revised by a 20 member committee.Revisions are based on court decisions, and governmental agency practices and experiences (Hamilton, 2015). Although participation in the accreditation process is voluntary, many correctional facilities ask to be accredited. As these agencies ask for accreditation the ACE sends the appropriate standards material, a manual policy and procedure, and compliance checklist. At this point, a regional manager is appointed to serve as an adviser. The voice Commission on Accreditation of Health Care accredits all of the BOPs and health service units and medical referral centers. Many correctional facilities are also direct by the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) standard without desire accreditation. The accreditation process is a difficu lt and challenging one, especially those seeking new accreditations.It is the mission of the Federal Bureau of Prisons to protect society by confining offenders in the controlled environments of prisons and communitybased facilities that are safe, cost efficient and secure. Each facility reports to a regional office and this agency is spear headed by a Board of Directors. Each region has functional support and provided the entire agency by each division.

History-failure of Italian Revolutionaries Essay

There were several factors affecting the failure of the Italian revolutionaries in the years 1820-49. Although the lack of popular nourishment was a contribute factor, it is far less significant when compared to other aspects of the failure such as the intervention and military strength of Austria, the lack of unity amid various revolutionary factions and the lack of outside help from other countries.One of the key factors of the revolutionarys failures was due to the repeated involvement by Austria and its elevated army, who were a major force in Europe and the world at the time. Led by Metternich, the Austrians quashed revolution after revolution. For example, in 1821, where tycoon Ferdinand had granted his state, Naples, a constitution out of fear, he appealed to Metternich for help, who duly obliged as he opposed the revolutionaries because they disturbed the peace in the self-colored region.Therefore, in March 1821, Austrian troops marched into Naples and easily overran th e rebel forces with a superior army in strength, training and weaponry. This made it almost impossible for every revolutionary group, whether united or separate, to outmatch the Austrians, whose military strength was far greater than the revolutionaries. This also occurred in 1848, when Charles Albert, revolutionary king of the most powerful state, Piedmont was twice devastated by the Austrians. First, in June, he was discomfited in Custoza and forced to sign an armistice withdrawing from Lombardy and again in March 1849 where he was heavily defeated in Novaro.This was a theme throughout the entire time period of 1820-49, with Metternich crushing revolutions in Piedmont, Lombardy and Sicily among others, with this trend only declining when revolutions arose in Vienna, forcing Metternich to focus on events scalelike to home. Therefore Austrian military capability was an overwhelmingly strong factor in the failure of every revolution in this time period. Another motive for the fai lures was a distinct lack of unity in almost all of the revolution, with the groups from different states and areas refusing to cooperate with each other as they were in the main to a greater extent concerned with local affairs than the bigger picture of a united Italy.For example, in 1832, Modena appealed for help from therevolutionary government of Bologna for no particular priming coat other than they didnt want to communicate or cooperate with one another. Another example is the Sicilian revolutions. They started a revolution in their capital city of Palermo and had soon ousted the previous regime to replace it with a revolutionary provisional government.However, when revolutions spread to the mainland of Naples a few days later, they had no plans of assisting them instead making their policies assort by breaking away from Naples and becoming an independent state. Instead of national or regional unity, they instead, from the entire period of 1820-1848, wanted a free and self -governing country of their own. The fact that the different groups didnt cooperate with one another, and in some cases, such as this, had entirely dissimilar aims for having a revolution, meant that they could easily be overridden one by one because individually they were very weak.A lack of outside help from other countries that were meant to be enemies with Austria did not help the revolutionaries cause. At the kickoff of the revolutions in 1820, fresh off the back of the establishment of the new republic in France after the French revolutions, there was the hope that they would support the Italian revolutionaries in overthrowing their reactionary rulers, just as the French had done to their own monarchs less than 30 years before.In 1831 as well, despite appeals for French help, their pleas were unatt finish and Austria move the isolated revolutions aside. In fact, instead of assisting the revolutionaries, in 1848 they instead intervened seemingly on the other side of the revo lutions in order to assist the Pope, but in doing so they overpowered the Roman Republic, a revolutionary area headed by Giuseppe Mazzini. The French military brought hardship upon the people of the Rome after defeating Mazzini, seemingly in a hypocritical way as they themselves had fought to rid themselves of an iron grip previously but were instead now the iron grip rulers.On the Popes return, the repressive regime range before the Roman Republic returned. This shows that the French were far more against the revolutions than for them. They wouldve been the natural protector of the revolutions due to their recent history and their hatred of Austria, but it wasnt to be and this was a key reason in why the uprisings ultimately all failed. Despite these reasons, the lack of popular support was no doubt a contributingfactor into the revolutions failure. The fact that in most states, around 90% of the population were peasants, but were not included in every decisions or contributed to the fighting reason meant that there was never likely to be popular support, because peasants views were not heard so their living conditions wouldnt necessarily change no matter who was in charge.They would most likely have very little idea of what was even happening in their state. For example, in 1831 the peasants were deliberately excluded from taking part in any form of the revolutions, except for in Sicily where peasants were involved. This was due to the fact that the middle class professionals believed that the poorly educated peasants would end up being detrimental to the cause and would luminance their own revolution fighting for their rights and eventually leading to the rule of the mob.Overall, there were several key factors in the failure of the revolutions between 1820 and 1849, such as the might of Austria, the distinct lack of unity between revolutionary divisions and the lack of allies from the international community.Despite the importance of these factors, the l ack of popular support cannot be ignored as a factor, but the middle classes had a steadfast fear that if they permitted peasant help, they would turn the cause into riots. This was seen in Sicily where peasant assistance was encouraged, but ended in the masses destroying property, freeing prisoners and burning tax collection papers, as they had the sole intention of causing anarchy. Therefore, the lack of popular support was not a crucial factor but merely a side point in the revolutions failures.

Plight of U.S. Farmers and Workers

The structure and style of politics in the late nineteenth century were evolving based on what party held condition in our g overnment. Social, religious, ethnic and regional factors determined party ties but third parties were emerging. Consider the conditions In America on the eve of the 20th Century.Write a borderline of two paragraphs for the following discussion prompt What problems did U. S. Farmers and workers face In the sass and how did they try to solve them? The prices of the crops were falling and were at an low and there wasnt end in sight due to things as of the weather and other death rising factors like materials being over produced in the North and the East while the western hemisphere and the South struggled. Goldfield, 2014) This added so much hardship for so many farmers that most could not afford to pay for the cost for using the railroad to ship their goods and as crops failed, It made It Impossible for the farmers to pay off their debts and many farmers lost their farms, lands, crops and all other sources of income forcing many onto sharecropping, (Goldfield, 2014) This led a need for change and people started tone for other options.They pleaded for help from the Government, but showing that they cared little to none and by doing nothing to help the people left planning and coming up with their possess solution, Farmers Alliance (Goldfield, 2014) This was a big playoff with so much against such Like many to most people were still separated by race and incomplete could grow past the pettiness to try to think of even helping each there with such preformed alliance and even with such like stinting and political reform smoothly for most more deeper separation based on race.Made this a long sighted has black farmers, including the leaders that were colored and scratch of the Farmers Alliance were killed an of the Farmers Alliance that came followed by depression and it was one out for themselves. The Government had no control with more v iolence that ruled the people and the streets. The railroad had over expended, hundreds of banks closed, along with thousands of businesses. (Goldfield, 2014) Since o much money stopped flowing at one time there was no way for the economy to come okay to life.In order for the depression to end, the people needed jobs and they needed farms that could support the Nation. They had to have banks that could provide lines of credit to get the Nation Jump started. With the fall of the economy In other Nations only added to our turmoil and they cost too much to use as export markets. Which Is reason exporting trade system came right with or after. References Goldfield, D. , Abbot, C. Anderson, V. Reselling,J. Argentines, P, Barney (2014).

Example of the Stages of Building Maintenance

Building handleTable of ContentssAbstractionIntroductionDEFINITION OF BUILDING sustenanceSCOPE OF BUILDING MAINTENANCE WORK stay grappleDay to twenty-four hours fixsEmergency fixsServicing plantsMinor plantsDesignation of Possible DefectsDefect collectible to DampnessCracks in hem insRising DampCracks in Structural Components1 Stains & A Moulds on the Cantilever ceiling2 Mounds found of orthogonal wall3 Cracks in howitzer articulations4 White discolorations on lower degree of Inner wall5 Dark stains & A fungus/moulds on the ingress manner6 Roof Gutter Collapsed7 Cracks within the FloorDesignation of Maintenance GeneratorRemedial Measures for the blurs identifiedDecisionAbstractionThis study is based on the planning facet of the building. Planing a building is an imagitavie procedure, building the construction is the realisation of the dreams of an designer, but the c are of the edifice makes it worthy of its practicable use for which it is designed. A the right way ma intained edifice is an immoveable plus of an person. The primary of a edifice is to supply precautions to its dwellers against external conditions conditions, against the scorching Sun & A thundering rain, etc. To ha splinteringuate the maximal potency of a edifice, it should h ancient to be decently maintained. Each & A each edifice has a continuance which is like 30 40 old ages. As per the external conditions conditions & A typesetters case of use of edifice & A its functionality decides how long a edifice foot prolong itself. A edifice is a non- life thing, it can non mend itself. For this an effectual maintained unit should be placed. Besides periodic visit of an designer on with MEP adviser should be through with(p) to look into any mishappening. This study is prepared based upon the template of indentifying the defects in the computer architecture edifice, done with the aid of ocular photographic certification. This study bequeath cover the elaborate & A elaborat ed survey of the interact edifice defects happening in assorted let ons of computer architecture edifice. Detailed survey of defects, its causes every chip shot unattackable as its redresss are to be provided in this study. The study will besides speak ab come out of the closet designation of a future care generator.IntroductionA edifice comprised of morphologic turn on bearing units like foundations, beams, columns, floors & A slabs. These are the parts which require thorough idea design, an effectual procedure of building carried out as per the structural demands & A recommendations of the structural applied scientist & A last but non the least, a fit in topographic point care arranging to maximise the life of such structural units. some other than structural units, a edifice has non- burden bearing constituents which comprises of walls, external facing done for aesthetical intent, horrible & A false ceiling etc. These are the constituents of the edifices which are t o be designed by the designer & A constructed by the civil applied scientist. Other than this, a MEP adviser is to be hired to overlook the integrating of architecture, construction & A services. The architecture edifice of the University of Newcastle is constructing made in Brick tile. The architecture edifice is a land + 2 floor edifice, has studio suites, category suites, conference hall, etc. The usage of wood as a inveighing stuff is a distinctive quality of the edifice.DEFINITION OF BUILDING MAINTENANCECare of a edifice cost more than building it. Proper care of care is a word picture of love & A heed for the infinite we are utilizing. Be it our place, our university, our office composite etc. There are true parametric quantities which define how & A up to which restrict a edifice should be maintained. a edifice decently maintained so that it provides its users recourse & A security against external conditions.SCOPE OF BUILDING MAINTENANCE WORKHarmonizing to Burgess & A White ( 1979 ) , care work of a edifice is divided into two parts. The real first is explicating a planned plan comprising of betterment every bit life-threatening as redevelopment in a edifice. The range of this betterment & A redevelopment is chiefly receivable to sudden failure in the assorted public presentation standards of a edifice. Five major types of care plants are elaborated by Burgess & A White. Following the chief types of care plants Preventive care This includes minimal preventative steps done at an early phase of defect sensing. The stating or bar is better than remedy is the fundament of this type of care work. Like keeping the roof prior to the rainy season is an activity of such type of work.Day to twenty-four hours fixs This fix is the most of spell type of care carried out by the house lady of the edifice or the individuals engaged in edifice care.Emergency fixs Certain fixs are to be done on an want footing. The toppling of a wall, bending of a roof , dampness of wall or roof etc are the illustration of such sort exigency fixs.Servicing plants This fix is done on a periodic footing. Normally a edifice requires painting & A cleaning work on a annual footing. The care of roof against the moistness & A escape against H2O ooze is to be done one time in two old ages.Minor plants Such sort of plants includes minor repairing of assorted constituents of constructing like doors, Windowss, healthful plants etc.This range of this study includes elaborate designation of defects done through templet & A the solutions of such sort of solutions to be done for care. Both the major every bit good minor defects are to be identified along with their solutions. All the remedial solutions are to be based on a proper constructional technique to be use among the Australian peninsula.Designation of Possible DefectsFor an architectural edifice of the University of Newcastle or for any edifice assorted defects can happen sing the age group of the edi fice. A building defect can render the edifice insecure & A can put on the line the lives of the people utilizing the edifice. A damaged/collapsed edifice will non merely pursue in sacking of money but consequences in a loss to the society by the danger posed by the edifice. This besides consequences in loss of money in mending the edifice etc. A building defect is different from the usual clip bound defect caused in any edifice payable to aging. The clip edge defect depends upon the lastingness & A workability of the structural constituents of the edifice. The following are the general type of defects common in all edifice due to constructional failure, structural failure or design failure.Defect out-of-pocket to Dampness The addition in wet content in the dirt every bit good as in the air, can consequences in moistness of the walls, if moist proofing class is non used, provided at the pedestal of the edifice. To minimise the ooze of H2O through capillary tubing action organ ize the dirt, a moist proofing class is to be given beneath all the walls excepting the door gaps.Cracks in walls Due to shrinkage consequence of the crampfish dirt, walls tend to develop cleft all along the length of wall. This cleft is a consequence of settling consequence of the hoagie dirt, due to which a part of a wall tends to switch downwards, ensuing in clefts. Proper dirt trial all at major junctions of walls, foundations & A columns are to be conducted to debar such sort of clefts.Rising Damp Due to the failure of moist impressive evidence class beneath the plinth protection of the edifice, moistness rises to the wall, qualification a white pulverization like surfacing on the walls above the pigments. The moistness causes major populating conditions jobs to the dwellers of the edifice, particularly if the site of the edifice is non opened from any side.Cracks in Structural Components The foundations, columns, roofs & A beams are the parts of structural stableness of the edifice. Cracks develop due to permeableness of cover, thermic motion which takes topographic point within the concrete & A steel etc. Proper structural every bit good as architectural design along the building to be done as per edifice norms is a solution to avoid the clefts. The prostration of edifice due to clefts in structural constituents is unsafe the lives of the people.A edifice such as Architectural College of the University of Newcastle, which is a G+ 2 construction, will hold some general type of defects including both building defect every bit good as age edge defect. Following types of defects have been identified in the edifice of architectural college of the Newcastle University1 Stains & A Moulds on the Cantilever ceiling This defect found in the external corridor of the land degree of architecture edifice due to miss of care every bit good as non functional use of the ceiling visible radiations. The redress for this sort of defect will be proper cleanliness to be carried out along all the corridor of the edifice queerly for the ceiling of corridor. Using the light fixtures during dark may turn out to be the best solution which will guarantee care.2 Mounds found of external wall Due to increase in wet content & A breakage of moist cogent evidence class beneath the pedestal of the edifice, moistness rises on the external wall which is along the south side of edifice. It is of import to observe that. Although the south side gets maximal Sun, but due to dampness, mould can still be found. Proper landscaping strategy is besides to be formulated which can ensue in incursion of sunbeams up till the wall.3 Cracks in howitzer articulations Vertical clefts are seen on the wall around the first assistance child located at land floor of the architecture edifice. The possible cause of these clefts is the shrinking in the Sue dirt due to increase in wet content. Soil proving to be done on an warm footing, which will quantify the shrinking happeni ng in the bomber dirt. Coating of H2O proofing Si bed is to be done on an pressing footing all along the walls of the land floor.4 White discolorations on lower degree of Inner wall These white discolorations are the consequence of combination of termite action & A moistness. With addition in Dampness, termite & A other insects grows which hampers the open cements howitzer in the brickwork. Anti- termite spray along with H2O cogent evidence Si pigment is to make be done on pressing footing.5 Dark stains & A fungus/moulds on the entryway manner The non- usage of any infinite within the edifice is the greatest enemy which renders the edifice prone to multiple defects. By the photographic observation, it seems that the entryway is non of much usage by the pupils every bit good as staff of the college. Lack of care is straight seeable from the exposure. Proper cleansing is required, with encouragement needed to utilize this infinite.6 Roof Gutter Collapsed The technique of supplying trough for taking the rain H2O from the roof is an old technique that requires periodic betterment. Chocking of trough will ensue in accretion of H2O through the roof.7 Cracks within the Floor Due to tension turning with the concrete in the absence of enlargement articulations or any other articulations.Designation of Maintenance GeneratorThe Architecture edifice has many care generators. The care generators are those factors which act as an external factor upon edifice constituents. Due to Dampness, white pulverization like substance gets accumulated on the articulations of the walls, Due to termite action, doors & A wooden Windowss becomes hollow from indoors, such factors are called as care generators. Certain care generators are found within the edifice, which can be prevented by taking immediate action & A by commanding the proper use & A functionality of the edifice.Addition in MoistureNon use of certain edifice parts like the entryway of the architectural edificeShrinking of bomber dirtOrientation of the edifice ( South facade of the edifice gets maximal Sun but still shows mark of moistness )Functional infinite apportionmentProper care to be doneRemedial Measures for the defects identifiedWith the nature of defect & A use of edifice, the nature of redress will differ. For the defects like perpendicular & A horizontal clefts, certain building techniques are to be followed which was non practiced earlier during the clip of building. Following steps are to be provided against some general defects found in the architectural edifice Dampness Redress To avoid moistness doing failing of critical edifice constituents, following techniques are to be usedProvision of get bying reel to be done on all wall parapets.The incline of get bying rock should be inside the, towards roof non on the exterior.R.C.C. protective round gola should be made on all the corners & A junctions of the roof & A wall.The oral cavity of rainwater pipe should be sealed with H2O proofing sealer.Water proofing of crystalline Si is to be done on all the walls, to be done regularly twice a twelvemonth.Crack Redress For look intoing against the perpendicular cleft, highly-developed in the brick wall, sulphate content of the brick is to be checked, so that it does non respond with wet over a period of clip & A causes flower, which is the deposition of sulfate salt over the brick.For the clefts developed in concrete construction, following redress should be used against each peculiar type of cleftfor bar against shrinking of the bomber dirt, foundations is to be taken every bit much deep as possible to supply a amalgamate difficult province of stones to rest upon & A reassign the burden every bit on the bouldery interior surface of the Earth.Site sloped should be decently calculated, designed & A maintained.Damp H2O proofing is to be done in dual bed for sites where the land H2O tabular array is much higher.Overloading of any sort should non be entrained, fo r each burden there should be an structural constituents to bear its burden.Expansion spreads to be provided in roofs every bit good as floors for tenseness & A compaction actions in the concrete every bit good as steel.Alternate Method with Cost EstimationTo supply a cost effectual redress for any defect, will turn out to be sustainable in nature when the cost appraisal is to be concerned. Common method of bar & A protection of the assorted edifice defects are possible which are really cost effectual. It used locally available redresss, therefore cut downing the dependences on the high tech chemicals & A machine intensive plants for assorted defect. practise of landscape which repels the white ants & A insects is an first-class method to look into the termite action with the edifice. Such workss are to be planted in thrower orchard owner & A placed all along the external wall. It will besides heighten the aesthetical quality of the infinite along with supplying safety from i nsects & A termite. To forestall the wet content in the bomber dirt near the plinth country of edifice, workss necessitating more H2O are to be used as landscape elements. Plants like cactus & A other desert plantation owners can be used.Short & A abundant Term Maintenance PlanShort & A Long term care program comprises of redress for assorted type of plants to be done under care direction. Prevention against moistness, molds, slickness, paying attending to the fresh facilitates of the edifices are a portion of unawares term program which will non take much clip & A based upon the templet are ranked 3 5 on the precedence footing. While long term programs include intervention against moistness by the H2O proofing Si pigment spray & A intervention of structural constituents like clefts, trough ooze etc.DecisionThe university architecture college is a non an old edifice, all the defects reported in the appraisal & A designation of the edifice are chiefly due to miss of proper care. The edifice is reasonably good conditions. The full defect runing near to 1 is to be treated on an pressing footing. Protection from moistness is really indispensable. For a organic structure to stay fit, we have to utilize each and every organic structure portion, the very(prenominal) expression goes worth the edifice, if you cease to utilize the infinite it will discontinue to be & amp act like a functional infinite. With the readying of short term programs on an pressing footing, the care section would make a healthy start up for care of the edifice which is the really psyche of Architecture College.1Page

How a Literary Work Relates to My Own Life Essay

I think everyone can recall their world-class tell apartmaking. The emotions that one regains when remembering the look, smell, touch and feel of their drawoff cheat are consuming and can bring on incredible feelings of happiness. Finding a first love typically occurs in adolescence when human have the ability to feel everything so much stronger than at any other time in life. Unlike any other psyche, a first love will never be forgotten and details rough the romance will forever be etched in the brain.The details ring a first love do not often fade with time and re important as clear as when the kindred with a first love was reality. Elizabeth Barrett Br avouchings poem, How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways can be used to once again enkindle the emotions of a first love into the present day. The overall theme of this poem is intense romantic love. I think this theme can be apply to my high school years as well. Similar to many high school students, I engaged in a relationship with my first love that lasted for over two years.While this person did not turn out to be my one true love, I will never forget the feelings associated with the relationship nor will the love I felt then ever fade into nothingness. As a high school student, this relationship with my first love was the main focus of my life. The love I felt was all consuming just as the love that Elizabeth Barrett cook portrays in this poem. I felt such an intense connection and I loved so unconditionally that my entire being was filled with feelings of love and it took my breath away.This love was exactly what Browning spoke about as being a love with my childhoods faith (Browning, 1850). I was able to love with the faith of a child because I had not yet learned that the world is often a cruel place where love fails on a regular basis. My first love experienced my love based on a faith that it would last forever. The imagery in this poem enables a reader to imagine a dreamy state of make do happiness that nothing can intrude upon. This is the feeling I will always associate with my first love.The idea of a romantic relationship was so new and exciting that nothing could bring me down from the clouds. As a matter of fact, it is difficult for me to recall world events or even events in my own life at this time with the same clarity as my feelings of romantic love. Everything in my life took a backseat to the dreamy state of being in love. Elizabeth Barrett Browning was able to bring these feelings back to me as I read the poem. Her words invoke the same feelings of first love that I had into a written poem.It is unclouded for me to understand the type of love Browning had for the recipient of this poem because I have felt the same kind of love in my lifetime. Once again, the imagery of this poem enables me to remember the fearless way I was able to love when my understanding of the world was not marred with the failings of relationships. The final line sums of the entire set of emotions associated with a true love. I shall but love thee better after death (Browning, 1850) can be interpreted to mean that Browning would die without the love of the person she is writing to.I think this is the way that many adolescents feel about their first love. I remember feeling intense dread when I even considered that my first romantic relationship would end. The days took on new meaning and my entire being became wrapped up in another person and I could not ever imagine my life without that love. Looking back, I think I felt that without my first love in my life, I would rather die. I recall sentiment that if I could not sustain onto the relationship then I would rather be dead. Of course, time and maturity changed my way of thinking and I realized that I could live without my first love.However, my life will never be the same because of that relationship. It meant so much to me at the time that I know exactly how Elizabeth Barrett Browning felt ab out the recipient of the poem. I loved so strongly and so deeply that my entire life was changed forever. I loved as I had never loved before or have ever loved since then. My first love will forever hold a place in my heart and my life is better for having the chance to love so freely. Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. (1850). How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.

Organization and Management Essay

index number and pick up be aspects which are reciprocal in some(prenominal) institutions. Organizations on the separate authorize are social institutions which operate to serve specific functions in high society as rise as their own let onment or growth and this makes it different from opposite entities such(prenominal) as the family (Eddy, 1983). Most organizations concern is to expand in order to exceed separate representing natural units as well as enhancing their performance through with(predicate) effective control (Bakke, 2005).As a offspring, these organizations require a formal and institutionalized distribution of penalties and pays so that regulations, norms and orders that exist in these organizations are complied with. This as well calls for control of useicipants so that these norms and regulations can effectively be carried protrude. In addition, different allocation of assignments of organisational tasks to motley parties is required so that rewar ds on performance are granted to divers(a) deserving individuals and those who do not deserve these rewards on the other hand, are punished.This paper will focus on how cater and control and operate at Engineering harvest-festival and the unlike possible implications that could occur on the part of employers and employees at Engineering Product. Power may as well as be viewed as a form of twist that an individual or organization may posses and the way that it is exerted on individuals and institutions in order to bring more or less(prenominal) desired results. These results could be positive or negative dep intercepting on the nature of power that an organization has.Power relates to the aptitude of attaining the desired needs or wants as well as the stated objectives from organizations or individuals and in certain instances force may be applied. In addition, exercise of power may occur among individuals which could end up shaping or influencing the wants of an individual ( Fairholm, 1993). It is evident that power and control exists at Engineering Product, a British Engineering starchy. The firm has existed for a while how and since its restructuring in 1980s it now posses three areas of championship namely defense, automotive components and individual services.The restructuring also saw the expansion of the firm into other overseas contrast environments and as a result, the firm has majority of its employees workings abroad with very few remaining in Britain. In other words, Engineering Product has managed to see its stronghold in international business by succeeding in the same. Its workforce is widely spread in Western Europe as well as North America. Majority of the workforce is seen in the automobile section of the firm which employs about 60% of the total workforce. This division is also involved with variant multinational companies that produce cars.However its concentration is less in the UK than in whatever other country and this sum that less sales are do from the division that exists in Britain since it has a small rest of workforce employed in the division. Larger proportion of sales as well as the workforce is appoint in continental Europe which consists of France, Germany and Spain. self-propelling division has nearly been shaped by the demands that are created by its customers and this has also affected the way it carries out its operations and commission in the international business as well as its workforce.These customers have also standardized their means of working answers and production by means of carrying out best utilisations in various sites, because forcing management to produce similar products for instance cars that are similar to others internationally. There are various forms of power that exist in organizations namely overbearing power, normative power, utilitarian power, referent power, expert power, reward power among others. Coercive power involves forcing other people to compl y with ones rules and regulations.It also relates to the capacity at which an individual or organization is fitted to issue punishments to those individuals or employees who fail to follow demands or requests that are proposed (Sims, 2002). Kipnis notes that coercive power is mainly exercised by individuals who rely on their verbal facility, physical potency or in other circumstances being able to withhold emotional support from other people or grant it. As a result, an individual is provided with the probable means to issues such as bully, physical harm, or lack of love among others.In organizations, the most common forms of coercive power accommodate the ability to demote, fire or transfer subordinates. As a result of coercive power, a dyfunctioning offset in groups has been evident and these processes include reciprocal conflict and anger, reactions, self-blame, rejection and dislike, revolutionary coalitions just to mention (Streatfield, 2001). The most common outcome of coe rcive power on the past of employees is impedance.Reward power on the other hand concerns employee rewards found on their performances and de-motivation occurs in cases whereby deserving employees are not rewarded (Houser & Domokos, 2004). Engineering Product firm has acquired most of its power and control through the integrating efforts that it has managed to create in the global business and this international integration has its origin from the demands that the Engineering Products customers present. The central task of integration mostly lies with the HQ of the firms division.The firm has also carried out its integration processes by creating various management structures mostly at the international level and this is mostly done with the aim of bringing together all the managers who work in various groups and branches as well as enabling effective information exchange that may exist mingled with them. Therefore, it is the division at the HQ that exercises the central power a s regards the various activities that exist at Engineering Product. Senior directors from the manufacturing sector at the Engineering products are brought together through manufacturing councils that are operated by the division.This is carried out in order for these directors to be able to monitor and examine the various processes which might have been adopted in each of the existing plants. Moreover, the international college of Engineering which is based in Germany enables engineers to learn and develop on the bracing methods of manufacturing. International integration has also been enhanced by Engineering Product through the creation of cadre that involves international managers who are charged with the responsibility of carrying out various assignments in other countries besides their own.As a result, internal consultants have been established and they consist of managers responsible in the pioneering of new practices and these managers also have the permission to roam between plants as they attempt to adopt the practice. The firm also has a HR which has established a system that is able drive together various managers based at different sites in order to discuss and share common initiatives termed as best practice. As a result regular meetings are conducted by the HR specialists as they discuss the various implications that integration has on the personnel practice.In the past, the meetings have resulted in bringing about problem-solving techniques as means of establishing standardized results. The division of HQ ensures that plant managers are involved in sharing of the best practice by carrying out an operation in orders relate with internal competition. The other form of power and control can be named in this case since the orders from customers are mainly placed at the divisions HQ and not the other plants.Again, it is the HQ that decides what orders should be received by what plants. As a result, the HQ has a little bit more leverage over the othe r actors that exist at the various plant levels and this means that these plants have to be dependent on HQ. Decisions that concern outsourcing are made at the division at HQ and it is them who decide what factors should supply their products to the various orders that are made by customers. topical anesthetic customers on the other hand are supplied by local anesthetic companies found in the various local markets.Concerning the various implications on employees and managers, the move that was established regarding standardization of production led to the generation of various opinions between plant managers and HQ focusing on the resulting in merits that may exist in a fact initiative for instance, performance-related pay (PRP) which has been established boomingly in various plant divisions by the HQ. However, as per discussions from the meetings, it was found out that performance of the work force vary from one plant to another.However, he opted to use sanctions as a means of i mposing it ma through in order to bring about rival performance. The internal integration of Engineering Product is mostly as a result of the powers that the firm gives to HQ as well as internal competition. Plant managers are at an obligation to comply with any wishes that may be established by HQ, such wishes may involve the means of labour management as well as nature of processes in production. Engineering products HR function has also been able to play both strategic and administrative roles hence increasing the level of profile function.In addition, the HR function has also been able to create several structures that enhance contact between plant managers who are based at various plant divisions. However, tension was encountered by the central function of HR concerned the creation of a balance between variation found in plants in order to glow local factors as well as standardization of practices. As seen from the scenario, he was ready to impose sanctions so that standardiz ation of products is enhanced across borders.The differences in the various practices existed mainly because of the various changes that occurred in the nature of institutions, jurisprudence and the national cultures and this can viewed under the way the performance related pay was conducted as well as employee representation. Another impact is that as a result of the central power that HQ posses, American plants do not have any formal structures since the law does not allow management to recognize various unions and the unions on the other have do not have powers since they are not influential as regards the recognition of management (Sinsson, Edwards & Ferner, 1993).Managers on the other hand experience positive impacts as a result of international integration since the hierarchy in management is widespread and not limited to one ill-tempered country. Senior positions are filled on merit and little importance is placed on nationality. accordingly mangers are faced with a lot o f opportunities a head of them both domestically and internationally hence allowing managers to become geographically mobile. However, this effect may view differently since some managers may not maintain it suitable to perform assignments abroad (Miner, 2002).On the other hand, the autonomy of managers is greatly reduced since they are oblige to company with the established rules and regulations of HQ and this could end up to resistance from these managers. The policy-making bodies at Engineering Product help in the formulation of policies by various plant managers. International integration has also impacted on employees shown by the increased competition among plants hence the HQ is able to establish comparisons in notification to performance.As a result, employees bargaining power is reduced in each plant hence creating resistance to change among unions and employees. Another implication is in relation to the way these employees are exposed to various working practices found in different countries. In conclusion, it is ended that the power and control that Engineering Product has is that of coercive power because the firm forces its wishes on various plants and people even though it has managed to establish a successful international integration.